Somatic Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Ethics Essays

Substantial Gene Therapy To a parent, the idea of their youngster having a serious, yet uncommon hereditary malady brings blame, misery, and obligation to a throbbing heart. Guardians who see their youngster go through existence with the heaviness of a terminal sickness frequently wish in their souls that the revile had been set upon them instead of their kid. To a few, the idea of the old clichã © no parent should see their kid kick the bucket appears to swim interminably in their brain. The expectation for a fix fills the hearts of many looking out for the edge of their seats in seeks after a superior personal satisfaction for themselves, friends and family, and mankind. The updates on progress with a novel innovation in settling these illnesses gets a reason life. Such is the situation with Ashanti DeSilva, a four-year-old young lady determined to have extreme joined insusceptible insufficiency (Human Gene Therapy). Ashanti scarcely lived what might be call a typical life, bound to her clean home where she combat regular youth infections, similar to the cool, with huge measures of anti-infection agents. She carried on with an existence of detachment, maintaining a strategic distance from contact with people in general and even those she adored. With an undermined safe framework because of a missing quality in her genome, she was powerless against each passing germ. On September 14, 1990, Ashanti got an extraordinary treatment as the main affirmed quality treatment. In the technique the scientists expelled white platelets from Ashanti, which were then developed in a lab. These cells were then grafted with the missing quality and injected once more into Ashanti. In spite of the fact that this is a treatment and not a fix, Ashanti would now be able to carry on with a real existence she and her folks longed for. She would now be able to go to class and play with loved ones unafraid of contact, in th is way living a more... ...lt;http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical/> Human Gene Therapy (2000). National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.georgetown.edu/research/nrcbl/scopenotes/sn24htm>. Questions and Answers About Gene Therapy (1993). National Cancer Institute. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.cancernet.nci.nih.gov/clinpdq/treatment/Questions_and_Answers_About_Gene_Therapy.htm>. Rubanyi, G. (2001). The Future of Human Gene Therapy. Sub-atomic Aspects of Medicine. 22,3, pp. 113-142. Walters, LeRoy, and Julie Gage Palmer. Morals of Human Gene Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York. 1997. Williams, D. (2003). Quality Therapy-New Challenges Ahead. Science. 302, 5644, pp. 400. Wilson, J. (1997) What Is Gene Therapy? The Institute for Human Gene Therapy. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.med.upenn.edu/ihgt/data/whatisgt.html>.

Free Essays on Obstacle

Snag Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The repulsive expression one’s mother may emphasize to them over a hundred times in the wake of seeing your report card. That liable inclination in your gut, where your stomach feels pain-filled and you simply need to secure yourself in the washroom to escape from assuming liability for your own activities. The detest that develops from inside for each one of those occasions you got calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than getting your work done. I comprehend, I felt these sentiments of the brain stopping. I’ve felt the shame of being singled out by an educator in class, and having that warm sensation conquer your face, where your cheeks turn blushing and the forehead upon your head expends with sweat and trickles like a broken fixture. All since you didn’t get your work done. I should concede, the initial two years of secondary school were damnation for me. They were two of the most troublesome years I have experienced in my sixteen years of presence. Sluggishness and relaxing devoured my psyche and body. I was the sovereign of hesitation, however with assistance and direction from an incredible help group I am by all accounts defeating my repulsive propensities, if that’s what you need to call them. I surmise I could gripe and accuse the ADD that I was determined to have, yet that would be unreasonably simple for me to do. I realize my ADD has had numerous effects on the choices I have made and the manner in which I go about numerous things, however lethargy and relaxing were my doings. I let myself capitulate to these bad dreams of each understudy instructor relationship. At the point when offered additional assistance while I was battling in school I was excessively intense and unshakable to acknowledge the assistance that I required. Rather than posing inquiries to encourage my insight into class conversation themes, I could be found in the rear of class napping off, or attempting to enjoy a succulent discussion with my neighbor. At the point when test time in tenth grade came around, I at long last had become a model of togetherness. I was... Free Essays on Obstacle Free Essays on Obstacle Hindrance Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The terrible expression one’s mother may repeat to them over a hundred times in the wake of seeing your report card. That liable inclination in your gut, where your stomach feels throbbing and you simply need to secure yourself in the restroom to escape from assuming liability for your own activities. The detest that develops from inside for each one of those occasions you got calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than getting your work done. I comprehend, I felt these sentiments of the brain stopping. I’ve felt the humiliation of being singled out by an educator in class, and having that warm sensation conquer your face, where your cheeks turn blushing and the temple upon your head expends with sweat and trickles like a defective fixture. All since you didn’t get your work done. I should concede, the initial two years of secondary school were hellfire for me. They were two of the most troublesome years I have experienced in my sixteen years of presence. Lethargy and relaxing expended my brain and body. I was the sovereign of stalling, however with assistance and direction from an extraordinary help group I am by all accounts conquering my frightful propensities, if that’s what you need to call them. I surmise I could gripe and accuse the ADD that I was determined to have, yet that would be unreasonably simple for me to do. I realize my ADD has had numerous impacts on the choices I have made and the manner in which I go about numerous things, however sluggishness and relaxing were my doings. I let myself surrender to these bad dreams of each understudy instructor relationship. At the point when offered additional assistance while I was battling in school I was excessively striking and hardheaded to acknowledge the assistance that I required. Rather than posing inquiries to encourage my insight into class conversation subjects, I could be found in the rear of class resting off, or attempting to enjoy a delicious discussion with my neighbor. At the point when test time in tenth grade came around, I at long last had become a model of togetherness. I was...

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis 1. Relevance Do not blindly follow the data you have collected; make sure your original research objectives inform which data does and does not make it into your analysis. All data presented should be relevant and appropriate to your aims. Irrelevant data will indicate a lack of focus and incoherence of thought. In other words, it is important that you show the same level of scrutiny when it comes to the data you include as you did in the literature review. By telling the reader the academic reasoning behind your data selection and analysis, you show that you are able to think critically and get to the core of an issue. This lies at the very heart of higher academia. 2. Analysis It is important that you use methods appropriate both to the type of data collected and the aims of your research. You should explain and justify these methods with the same rigour with which your collection methods were justified. Remember that you always have to show the reader that you didn’t choose your method haphazardly, rather arrived at it as the best choice based on prolonged research and critical reasoning. The overarching aim is to identify significant patterns and trends in the data and display these findings meaningfully. 3. Quantitative work Quantitative data, which is typical of scientific and technical research, and to some extent sociological and other disciplines, requires rigorous statistical analysis. By collecting and analysing quantitative data, you will be able to draw conclusions that can be generalised beyond the sample (assuming that it is representative â€" which is one of the basic checks to carry out in your analysis) to a wider population. In social sciences, this approach is sometimes referred to as the “scientific method,” as it has its roots in the natural sciences. 4. Qualitative work Qualitative data is generally, but not always, non-numerical and sometimes referred to as ‘soft’. However, that doesn’t mean that it requires less analytical acuity â€" you still need to carry out thorough analysis of the data collected (e.g. through thematic coding or discourse analysis). This can be a time consuming endeavour, as analysing qualitative data is an iterative process, sometimes even requiring the application hermeneutics. It is important to note that the aim of research utilising a qualitative approach is not to generate statistically representative or valid findings, but to uncover deeper, transferable knowledge. 5. Thoroughness The data never just ‘speaks for itself’. Believing it does is a particularly common mistake in qualitative studies, where students often present a selection of quotes and believe this to be sufficient â€" it is not. Rather, you should thoroughly analyse all data which you intend to use to support or refute academic positions, demonstrating in all areas a complete engagement and critical perspective, especially with regard to potential biases and sources of error. It is important that you acknowledge the limitations as well as the strengths of your data, as this shows academic credibility. 6. Presentational devices It can be difficult to represent large volumes of data in intelligible ways. In order to address this problem, consider all possible means of presenting what you have collected. Charts, graphs, diagrams, quotes and formulae all provide unique advantages in certain situations. Tables are another excellent way of presenting data, whether qualitative or quantitative, in a succinct manner. The key thing to keep in mind is that you should always keep your reader in mind when you present your data â€" not yourself. While a particular layout may be clear to you, ask yourself whether it will be equally clear to someone who is less familiar with your research. Quite often the answer will be “no,” at least for your first draft, and you may need to rethink your presentation. 7. Appendix You may find your data analysis chapter becoming cluttered, yet feel yourself unwilling to cut down too heavily the data which you have spent such a long time collecting. If data is relevant but hard to organise within the text, you might want to move it to an appendix. Data sheets, sample questionnaires and transcripts of interviews and focus groups should be placed in the appendix. Only the most relevant snippets of information, whether that be statistical analyses or quotes from an interviewee, should be used in the dissertation itself. 8. Discussion In discussing your data, you will need to demonstrate a capacity to identify trends, patterns and themes within the data. Consider various theoretical interpretations and balance the pros and cons of these different perspectives. Discuss anomalies as well consistencies, assessing the significance and impact of each. If you are using interviews, make sure to include representative quotes to in your discussion. 9. Findings What are the essential points that emerge after the analysis of your data? These findings should be clearly stated, their assertions supported with tightly argued reasoning and empirical backing. 10. Relation with literature Towards the end of your data analysis, it is advisable to begin comparing your data with that published by other academics, considering points of agreement and difference. Are your findings consistent with expectations, or do they make up a controversial or marginal position? Discuss reasons as well as implications. At this stage it is important to remember what, exactly, you said in your literature review. What were the key themes you identified? What were the gaps? How does this relate to your own findings? If you aren’t able to link your findings to your literature review, something is wrong â€" your data should always fit with your research question(s), and your question(s) should stem from the literature. It is very important that you show this link clearly and explicitly. Need help with dissertation writing? Our dissertation writing service, offered by our network of over 3,000 world-class academic writers, can provide you with a model dissertation you can use as a customised map to the results you need. Find out more You may also like... 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International Trade Essay - 814 Words

International Trade In today’s world there are many issues in need of reformation, one of which is international trade, otherwise known as globalization. Although there are a great deal of rules, regulations, and policies imposed on international trade, the manner in which those rules have been enforced is a major controversy that seems to be escalating day by day. At the center of the controversy is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was established in 1995 in order to transform the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commercial code. Critics of the WTO say that instead of being run democratically and in the interest of member countries, it has become the enforcer of corporate managed†¦show more content†¦Once again they are demonstrating that the pursuit of wealth is it’s number one goal and ignoring massive protests launched by American labor unions who argue that the pact could cost hundreds of thousands of American jobs due to an increase in Chinese imports and companies who may decide to relocate factories to China, where cheap labor can be utilized. Another prominent issue concerning the WTO is organically produced foods, which have become a highly demanded product in the last few years. Countries take part in distributing and manufacturing foods because it has led to an increased amount of trade (increasing exports and minimizing imports). The parties that have benefited most from organically produced foods are farmers and agricultural businesses in other countries. But a negative impact would be increased competition among businesses. This represents a rational point of view. Competitors are only concerned with their own wealth and distinction. The company and its well-being is their self interest. Their primary goal is success. Businesses expect other businesses, along with the customers, to show obedience. Companies, individuals and countries alike all view the perspective of the rational dimension. The economy as a whole is rational. Groups such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) are using their hierarchy of power to benefit themselves. The WTO has enforced it’s own laws on the opening ofShow MoreRelatedThe Trade Of International Trade1538 Words   |  7 PagesInternational trade is the exchange of capital, goods in general, and services across other countries or territory provided if the government impose free trade. (Grosse; Behrman, 1992) Free trade means that the government do not intervene on what its citizen can buy, produce or sell internationally. International trade first began in a barter system which is followed by mercantilism in the early 16th and 17th century we’re mercantilism trade is practiced and this is what nation nowadays still viewRead MoreInternational Trade1662 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The escalating liberalization of international trade that occurred during the decades following World War II under the impulse of various multilateral agreements and organizations has brought about a dramatic change in the geographic scope of logistics and freight transportation systems. While new trade ties have emerged with East Asia, long-time trading partners such as the United States and European nations have also intensified their trade relationships, to the point that the EuropeanRead MoreInternational Trade16708 Words   |  67 PagesExport/Import Procedures and International Trade Contents 1) Outline on International Trade 2) Problems and Barriers to Trade 3) International Trade Terms 4) Trade Financing Payment 5) International Trading Pricing 6) Shipping Documents 7) Cargo Insurance 8) Shipping Organizations 9) Containerisation 10) Freight Market 11) Shipping Operation 12) International Organizations 13) Physical Distribution 14) Modes of Transportation Chapter 1 Outline on International Trade 1. Introduction Read MoreTrade Finance and International Trade1903 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Branch trade finance has become a strong bargaining point in the conduct of international trade. Negotiating strategy needed to reduce finance risk (Branch, 2005). Trade finance is a topic contained the financial facilities industry. Manufactured goods is sold and distributed to overseas; therefore, it takes longer to get paid. Additional time and energy is required to make sure that buyers are trustworthy and creditworthy. Also, foreign buyers who are just like domestic buyers. TheyRead MoreInternational Trade And Trade Agreements Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pages Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries (McWilliams Williams 2010). It also has to do with international trade and trade agreements. Corporations that own businesses in two or more countries are called multinational corporations (McWilliams Williams 2010). Most of these global businesses main headquarters are found in the United States or the United Kingdom. Expanding to a global market is quite a complex process and businessesRead MoreImpact Of Trade On The International Trade Market1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this quest ion, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, includingRead MoreWhat Is International Trade?1669 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is international Trade? International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer. The exchange of goods also affectsRead MoreInternational Trade and Finance1501 Words   |  7 PagesLinda Luc Duong International Trade and Finance ECO/372 August 27, 2012 Matthew J. Angner International Trade and Finance When there is a surplus of imports brought into the United States it means that the price of the products will drop. Companies in the United States are competing with the Chinese made products will suffer from price drops on goods. Lower prices on goods will benefit consumers. Large screen Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and High Definition Television (HDTV) is a good exampleRead MoreImpact Of Trade Relations On International Trade1485 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are dependant on international trade and the government plays a big role in this through forming their trade policy (Miller, 2010). In the past smaller countries have relied on trading with bigger nations, but in the mid-1960’s a lot of countries looked to pursue independence in their foreign policy. Even though we live in this new technological and global age, forming trade relations is vital to our economy. Every country has different trade policies which determine how trade occurs between themselvesRead MoreThe I nternational Trade Concepts1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Trade Concepts The International Trade Concepts simulation helps one to learn the advantages and limitations of international trade. One can also take what is learned from the simulation and relate it to the U.S. economy and the effects international trade has on it. Learning about how fiscal and monetary policies affect the exchange rate is important as well. Not only can one apply what was learned in the simulation to the U.S. economy but they can also apply it to their workplace

Women Of The American Civil War - 1357 Words

The American Civil War was a time of great trial and tribulation for the American people. It forced individuals to choose a cause, and many families were torn asunder as they chose opposing sides. As the men marched off to war a small group of women prepared to wage a different kind of warfare. These women became an overlooked but deadly force using espionage and womanly wiles to gather military intelligence for their cause. They used whatever means they had at their disposal to enter into the confidence of men within the opposing side and gain their trust. Women during this period were often overlooked as insignificant and stationary. Women were meant to stay within the home and care for their families needs. However, these extraordinary women rose to answer a more imminent need. These brave women had a profound influence on their cause. Mary Elizabeth Bowser was a Union spy during the Civil War. She was born in 1839 in Richmond, Virginia as a slave for the Van Lew family. She was freed after the death of her master, John Van Lew, in 1843. However, she stayed with the family and worked as a household servant. Elizabeth Van Lew, John Van Lew’s daughter, helped provide Mary with an education. Mary was received a brief education at the African American Quaker school in Philadelphia. However, rising tension in 1860 forced Mary to return to her home with the Van Lew family in Richmond. Bowser began her career as a spy for the Union after Elizabeth Van Lew requested her helpShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The American Civil War1369 Words   |  6 Pages Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War provides a look into the rarely discussed topic of women in the South during the time of the Civil War. While other authors consider the implications of slavery or military tactics from the viewpoint of men, Faust offers a refreshing take on these subjects along with others to construct a narrative that examines the role of women from a gender and class standpoint. Additionally, Faust suggests that women’s roles withinRead MoreWomen Of The American Civil War1499 Words   |  6 Pageswonderful history of the â€Å"Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War†. This informative study allows the reader to get a look into the life of privileged white women of the south. Faust uses diaries, political documents, newspapers and personal letters, to give the reader to experience things through the eyes and in the words of the women themselves. Faust presents a number of southern women whose lives were changed by the societal upheavals caused by the civil war. The book, proficientlyRead MoreThe Contributions Of Women In The American Civil War .1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Contributions of Women in the American Civil War The Civil War was a divisive time in American history that tore the country in half for five long years (1861-1865). After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern states seceded from the north and formed the Confederate States of America because they saw their way of life being threatened. They wanted to fight for their right to have slaves and for states to have more power. The North (Union) fought because secession wasn t an option andRead MoreAmerican Women During The Civil War914 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the Civil War, the Republicans had views that the defeat of the rebels and destruction of slavery were sufficient to guarantee prosperity for everyone. The traumatic events throughout the Civil War only intensified the desire among a growing group of American women to participate fully in the nation s political life. They were striving for a sense of agency in the United States not only as a collective whole, but also as individuals. Agency refers to the idea that each i ndividual in a cultureRead MoreWomen Spies in the American Civil War2015 Words   |  9 Pagesmillion deaths the most gruesome war in American history drove citizens to action. The suffering during this era was so great many were inspired by nationalism to act. For those who were unable to join the fight upon the battlefield, espionage represented a chance for personal involvement. Although it is believed that many agents never sought recognition for their service, especially Confederate scouts, documentation depicts the espionage present during the American Civil War to be surprisingly sophisticatedRead MoreMothers Of Invention : Women Of The American Civil War1265 Words   |  6 PagesInvention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War is a work by Drew Gilpin Faust, a renowned American historian and current President of Harvard University. Published in 1996 by the University of North Carolina Press in Chapel Hill, this is one of the several literary works by Fa ust describing history of the Civil War and of the American South. This nonfiction book includes 257 pages detailing the struggles and labors of the women on the Southern home front during the American CivilRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreWomen Demand Democracy : The American Civil War1157 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Women Demand Democracy The American Civil War was fought for freedom. However, even after the war, the concept of freedom was not universally understood. Freedom remained limited for certain individuals depending on their race, gender, and different class systems. The war especially had a great impact on the country’s social and political aspects of the entire population, particularly women. Essentially, it gave women the momentum to fight for their rights. Years before the civil war, womenRead MoreAfrican Americans And Women During The Civil War Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesAs of the mid-19th century and on was when African Americans and women were beginning to gain somewhat equal rights or were still disputing them. It is also well know that both have suffered in vastly different manners, but in some cases are very similar in certain struggles. African American men and women had to survive the terrors of the Ku Klux Klan in the southern states, managing life with the Black Code looming over the ir every move. They were basically fighting for something that a lot ofRead MoreLittle Women During The American Civil War1348 Words   |  6 Pagesvery closed. A change within a family unit has an effect on the family’s dynamic and how the family members interact with each other. American culture reflects this in the belief that families are changed either positively or negatively by major emotional events. The family unit can be described in many different ways. Sometimes the family unit, like in Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, consists of everyone that is blood related. The family unit can also extend past genetic barriers and represent

Police Body Cameras - 1715 Words

Todays Police Put On a Gun and a Camera Author: Johnson, Kirk ProQuest document link Abstract: Liability-conscious city attorneys say the cameras could help in lawsuits; rights groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union, say police accountability will be bolstered by another layer of public documentation; and the Justice Department, surveying 63 police departments that were using body cameras and many others that were not, concluded in a report this month that the technology had the potential to promote the perceived legitimacy and sense of procedural justice in interactions between the public and law enforcement. Links: Linking Service Full text: PULLMAN, Wash. -- Amateur videos of police officers doing their jobs have†¦show more content†¦If they dont yell it, is everything on there now the fruit of the poisonous tree? asked Sgt. Peter Simpson, a spokesman for the Portland police department, referring to the legal doctrine that improperly gathered evidence can taint an entire case and may not be used i n court. The Portland department is testing body cameras on six officers, with plans for a departmentwide rollout. Here in Washington State, which has one of the nations most vigorous public records laws, the Seattle police are wrestling with whether video can be posted online almost immediately, as a nearly real-time documentary, and how to blur or obscure images to protect the identities of victims or informers. A pilot project that had been set for the summer was postponed partly because of questions about how public access to the recordings would work. Storage, management and retrieval of the collected data create mammoth questions of their own. Private companies like Taser International offer document storage services, along with the cameras, batteries, docking stations and software, but state laws vary widely about how long criminal records must be stored, from a few years for most misdemeanors to in perpetuity for major felonies. And as Pullman and other police departments ar e finding, people often request multiple videos. That isShow MoreRelatedPolice And Body Cameras1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe body cameras would improve relationships with the public. â€Å"BWCs were allocated to all frontline officers in one for a period of six months (July 23, 2014–December 15, 2014), but not to any other frontline officers of the other five geographic districts ( officers=513). The single geographic district was therefore the treatment area, while each of the five other districts served as comparison sites†(). Arrests, complaints, 911 calls and the use of force were monitored through the cameras to improveRead MorePolice Officers And Body Cameras Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesagencies, or more specifically police officers, are under constant scrutiny from their peers as well as outside sources. Many of these problems arise from how the police treat and deal with these citizens. There is however a solution to these problems, which can not only impr ove officer safety, but can also protect anyone else that the officer encounters. The solution to this problem is officer mounted camera systems, or better known as body cameras. These body cameras capture almost everything anRead MorePolice Body Cameras On The World870 Words   |  4 Pagesyear after the camera s introduction, the use of force by officers’ decline 60%, and citizens’ complaints against police fell 88%†. (Christopher Mims) The introduction of police body cameras impacted the world in many better ways than bad. But, police body cameras were introduced due to the public s awareness to police brutality and numerous of publicity deaths which has impacted the outcome of police interactions. Police body cameras were first thought of when an awareness of police brutality wasRead MorePolice Enforcement And Body Cameras1770 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past several years the push for police to wear body cameras has greatly increased. Body cameras are small video and audio recorders that can be worn by police officers to capture all encounters the officers have with citizens. Large cities and counties across the nation have been testing body cameras among several police departments to see if they can actually improve the way police and citizens interact with one another. Over the course of the past several years evidence has shown that theRead MorePolice And Body Cameras A Need1859 Words   |  8 Pages Police and Body Cameras A Need to Heal Terri Williams ENG 122: English Composition II Prof. William Barone October 2, 2015 There are thousand among thousands of misconduct reports filed each year against the law enforcement for police officers using excessive force complaints make up nearly one quarter (Harvard Law Review, 2010). Decision, decision, decision†¦ when a police officer decides to gun down a suspect during encounter or an arrest it the police officer decision. Particularly, thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Body Cameras On A Police Environment Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom police officers has been a concern for many areas in the U.S. in recent years, resulting in protests and unnecessary deaths. A handful of incidents in places such as Ferguson and Baltimore have left many in America distrustful of law enforcement procedures and how some officers handle potentially dangerous situations. One solution proposed to this issue is to equip police officers with body cameras to record the actions of officers. Frank Scalise, author of his book on police body cameras, explainsRead MorePoli ce Body Camera Decline Police Brutality956 Words   |  4 PagesTechnological Era in Policing The dispute of police body cameras truly hit the media hard this week. Blasting from the headlines all citizens were aware that Michael Brown was lethally shot in Ferguson, Missouri. This prompted officers to become fortified with body cameras. This technologically progressive world that we live in today has shaped a world of tweeting, posting and uploading. It’s about time that police departments take advantage of the tools accessible to them, especially with the advancementRead MoreThe Importance Of Police Body Cameras On The Police Force1497 Words   |  6 PagesThis past May (2015), due to recent tense police-community relations, the Obama administration initiated a government program to evaluate the effectiveness of having the police force wear body cameras. The very public incidents that have occurred ignited accusations of police brutality and as a result, the call for police body cameras is one government action in response to these accusations. The theory being that all people, even those in official capacities, behave differently when they knowRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Cameras On Police Work1722 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of a city with positive results from the use of body-cameras. In Rialto, police began wearing body-cameras a little less than three years ago. As a result of officers wearing body-cameras, citizens’ complaints against police officers dropped 88 percent and use of force by police officers dropped 60 percent from the previous 12 month period when body-cameras were not in use. Rialto’s police chief said, â€Å"When you put a camera on a police officer, they tend to behave a little better, follow theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Police Body Cameras761 Words   |  4 PagesThere has been a lot of talk lately in the news about police body cameras. Some people agree that body cameras should be used by all police officers, while others disagree and believe that they shouldn’t be used at all. There are some cons to having body cameras but all of the pros outweigh it. Police body cameras should be used in all towns no matter how small because the people will act less aggressive towards officers, they provide truthful evidence that cannot be altered with, and the videos

Nanoparticles Come A Long Way Benefitting - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Nanoparticles Come A Long Way Benefitting? Answer: Introduction Nanoparticles have come a long way in benefitting humans after the initiation of its application in the field of food technology. Particles of different size and materials are widely being used for their properties to in food technology with respect to predetermined set goals like shelf-life, flavour, taste, appearance and preferences of consumers. Continual research is being carried out to understand completely the concerns related to such use of particles along with the benefits provided with them (Kumar, 2015). Taking this opportunity to inform the public on the advanced role of particles in food technology, an informative piece would be presented on the usefulness and concerns related to the latest development of the use of nanoparticles such as calcium and zinc in the packaging of food. The paper would provide a concise introduction to the topic and a summative analysis of the science and technology behind the process. It would also highlight the bottleneck of the process and an y safety and the environmental issue raised. Background and significance Speaking in general terms, nanomaterials used in packaging of foods consider the use of nanofilms that act as barriers to the prevention of spoilage of food and oxygen absorption. The common packaging in which nanomaterials are used as carrying bags, sandwich bags and aluminium foils. Active food packaging permits a ready interaction between food and packaging material, preventing antimicrobial growth. Nanoparticles such as zinc, silver and calcium are now being used as antimicrobial agents for the prevention of microbial spoilage of food. These particles are commonly being incorporated as edible film integrated with oregano oil or cinnamon oil in the food packaging. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO powder coated PVC film when examined under different conditions have been proved to be effective for different organisms. With the respect of food pathogens, the success achieved is considerably impressive as the electrostatic interaction between bacterial cell surface and nanoparticles inhi bits optimally the growth of pathogens (Bumbudsanpharoke et al., 2015). Echegoyen and Nern (2013) in their research point out that studies on the effect of ZnO NPs concerning E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger indicate high antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Science and technology behind the process Carbone et al., (2016) highlight that metal ions have been discovered to be used as nanoparticles that are incorporated into diverse polymer systems in food packaging. Nano technology is depending on the incorporation of multiple organic as well as inorganic nanoparticles into polymer matrix so that improvement of material properties is achieved. The highly achieved antimicrobial activity of such ions when they are on nano dimension can be applied to a wide range of microorganisms. The mostly used nanoparticle is silver ions whose antimicrobial activity was been much appreciated. Other nanoparticles include Ag/Chitosan, SiO2, ZnO and nanoclay. Chitosan which is a form of polysaccharide has an antimicrobial agent against microorganisms including that are both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The researchers analysed the impact of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents along with that of chitosan in a composite structure with polylactic acid. The process involves surface modifica tion brought about in the polymer matrix for activation of antimicrobial components. The system forms a noteworthy example of synergetic approach where the idea is to achieve improvement in material properties through the influence of two materials and come up with packaging solutions. Silver nanoparticles when injected into Agar banana powder lead to important antimicrobial activity against microbes such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The other advantages are water barrier properties, augmented UV light absorption and enhanced antioxidant properties. Nanosized metal oxides have also been reported to act as antimicrobial agents when these are included in a polymer matrix (Radusin et al., 2016). Speaking precisely, ZnO is a good antimicrobial agent apart from improving the thermal property of polymers. Some of the microbes against which these are effective are Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocytogenes. Nanoclay, in modified forms, is a nanparticle bringing about improvement in properties of materials. They can be made to disperse in matrices of diverse properties owing to their high swelling and water absorption capacity. Nanoparticles of curcumin are also antimicrobial in property and aggregation can be avoided while using these when powder form is used. Such particles are water soluble though the antimicrobial property is more than that of powder. They also reduce gram-positive bacteria as compared to gram-negative bacteria. The particles used are commonly 10 to 20 nm in size. Though bigger particles are also used, the maximum size is 100 nm (Rosi et al., 2017). Current concern of the process The concerns related to the application of nanoparticles is also to be mentioned in this context. Ntim and Noonan (2017) point out that though silver nanoparticles decrease the presence of microbial agents, the mechanical properties might be decreased. In addition, the migration of the particles to the food has been time and again researched on. Other concerns include separation of the nanoparticles from materials used for packaging and impact of resuing of the materials on environment and humans. Alhendi and Choudhary (2013) in this regard that particles migrating into the food and consumed by humans can lead to health complications. Inhalation of the particles is also a concern since these are very small in size and penetration into the lungs and bloodstream is possible. Toxicity is also probable when the nanoparticles engage in a reaction with oxygen, leading to an increase in oxidative stress. It is expected that a backlash would come from the high scale use of nanoparticles in t he food industry. One eminent factor is that nanoparticles pose certain risks that are not posed by particles of bigger size. Fears are inevitable when such particles are used with a coating that is edible. Customers will be satisfied if the particles are found only in packaging and not in the food that might bring about changes in the body system. The emergence of nanotechnology has created new demands on the area of legislation. It is evident that there is a limitation in the extent of adoption of advanced nanotechnology among the food industry. The reasons for the same are limited acceptance from the consumers side and safety issues. There is a lack of published results on studies that highlight the accurate impact on the human body of nanoparticles (Pulizzi, 2016). Conclusion Coming to the end of this paper it is to be mentioned that particles, when used in diverse ways, have the potential to influence how food products are manufactured and processed at present. The antimicrobial systems have been found to be effective due to their high surface-to-volume ratio combined with the surface reactivity of antimicrobial agents. Microorganisms are inactivated in a more effective manner than the micro-scale features. Products can be exploited while formulating healthcare, personal and industrial applications. Functionalization and wide-scale implementation of the same needs rigorous analysis of the risks associated with these processes. References Alhendi, A., Choudhary, R. (2013). Current Practices in Bread Packaging and Possibility of Improving Bread Shelf-life by Nano-technology.INT J Food SCI Nutr,3, 55-60. Bumbudsanpharoke, N., Choi, J., Ko, S. (2015). Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology,15(9), 6357-6372. Carbone, M., Donia, D. T., Sabbatella, G., Antiochia, R. (2016). Silver nanoparticles in polymeric matrices for fresh food packaging.Journal of King Saud University-Science,28(4), 273-279. Echegoyen, Y., Nern, C. (2013). Nanoparticle release from nano-silver antimicrobial food containers.Food and Chemical Toxicology,62, 16-22. Kumar, L. Y. (2015). Role and adverse effects of nanomaterials in food technology.Journal of Toxicology and Health,2(1), 2. Ntim, S. A., Noonan, G. O. (2017). Nanotechnology in Food Packaging. InNanotechnologies in Food(pp. 118-142). Pulizzi, F. (2016). Nanotechnology and food: What people think.Nature Nanotechnology. Radusin, T. I., Risti?, I. S., Pili?, B. M., Novakovi?, A. R. (2016). Antimicrobial nanomaterials for food packaging applications.Food and Feed Research,43(2), 119-126. Rossi, M., Passeri, D., Sinibaldi, A., Angjellari, M., Tamburri, E., Sorbo, A., ... Dini, L. (2017). Chapter Five-Nanotechnology for Food Packaging and Food Quality Assessment.Advances in Food and Nutrition Research,82, 149-204.

Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa

With the advent of globalization, many African countries are opting for free trade to enable them to participate effectively in the international market and therefore boost their growth. There are, however, certain barriers that these countries face, which limit them from actively participating in international trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This state of affairs has contributed to the slow pace of development in these countries. The common barriers to international trade in most of African countries include tariffs, quotas and other non-tariff barriers such as domestic content requirement and import licenses. Discussion A tariff refers to a tax that is imposed on imports by the federal government of a country so that it can manage to raise the price of the imported goods to the final consumer. Tariffs are aimed at limiting imports and raising the revenues of a nation. A Quota, on the other hand, refers to a limit on the amount of a commodity that is being imported into a country (Koo Kennedy, 2005). The effect that Tariffs and Quotas have in common is that they have the capacity to regulate imports and in the protection of domestic companies from foreign competition. A tariff, for example, has the effect of raising the price of foreign goods beyond levels that the local consumer would be willing to pay, thereby decreasing the demand for the product. This then limits the supply of the foreign good to the local market. However, while many African countries raise the price of imported capital goods and regulate the amount of imported capital goods, most of them fail to understand that they require capital goods to stimulate their development agendas. With the high tariffs therefore, what is evident is that the prices of capital goods are also high thereby forcing many African countries to invest heavily in the purchase of capital goods. This then limits the availability of funds that the countries can use for other development goals ( Koo Kennedy, 2005). In addition, when African countries raise their tariffs to levels that exporters cannot afford, many exporters withdraw from the African markets thereby limiting the amount of revenue that the governments of these countries earn. This in return slows the investment levels of these countries thereby leading to low rates of economic growth. Domestic content requirement has also been a practice that many African countries engage in as a barrier to international trade (Summer Smith, n.d). The intention here is to stimulate the growth of the local industries. This regulation specifies the percentage of a product that should be produced domestically so that the product can be sold in the local market. Most of the African countries have imposed this requirement in order to foster textile and agricultural production.Ad vertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They impose a policy of import substitution whereby imports are replaced by domestic production. However, most of these countries are incapable of producing goods that meet the needs of the local customers, and the customers are therefore forced to result to imports because of their high quality and reliability. Import licenses are observed to be very effective in terms of regulating and restricting imports in African countries (Summer Smith, n.d). There are those countries which require imports of a specific commodity so as to obtain a license for any shipment that they import into a country. There are also certain countries, which restrict licenses by limiting licenses to specified importers. This thereby limits their participation in the international market. To actively participate in the international market therefore, many African countr ies should regulate their barriers to levels that encourage active participation of foreign investors. References Koo, W. W., Kennedy, P. L. (2005). International Trade and Agriculture. New York: John Wiley Sons. Summer, D. A., Smith, V. H. (n.d). Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade. Retrieved from https://www.farmfoundation.org/ This essay on Barriers to International Trade and Economic Development in Africa was written and submitted by user Josue Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

William Mullin Vs Raytheon and the Disparate Impact †Ethics Essay

William Mullin Vs Raytheon and the Disparate Impact – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers William Mullin Vs Raytheon and the Disparate Impact Ethics Essay In a disparate treatment claim, the worker seeks to prove the employer’s discriminatory motive. In a disparate impact claim there need not be proof of intentional discrimination, but rather proof that the employer utilizes employment practices that are facially neutral in their treatment of different groups but in fact fall more harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified by business necessity. I would like to discuss one particular case that actually changed the law itself in regards to one particular janra. In 1999, the New Hampshire Federal Court ruled in the case of William Mullin Vs Raytheon that Disparate Impact does not fall under the umbrella of the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act, or ADEA. William Mullin, a elder employee of Raytheon claimed that after many years of employment, his salary was cut by 10% when he was demoted from a level 15 employee, to a level 12 employee. The company claimed that downsizing and restructuring was the cause for the demotion. Mullin claimed that the corporate restructuring of Raytheon had a disparate impact on older workers who by their very nature had higher-grade levels because they had worked there longer. The court felt that Raytheon was justified in it’s choice to downsize and restructure its company that cost Mr. Mullin his salary. The company was going through dire straits due to massive defense budget cut backs. They needed to dramatically decrease expenditures and payroll is usually the first place to look. A number of other older employees of Raytheon also had issues with these cuts but had no luck getting the courts to buy into their claim. Mr. Mullin and his elderly associates were forced to live with the results of Raytheons decision, and inevitably the ruling of the courts. Immediate effects to my personal work environment are diverse. My retail employer, at least in my limited exposure, has never ran into situations that required downsizing and restructuring. We value our older work force and respect not only their years of service but their knowledge and experience as well. Now, if the time comes and decisions must be made on cut backs and realignments, than this case proves that a retailer does have the legal right to cut the salaries of those employees that make a great deal of money, whether they are young executives, or members of the elderly elite group. As a manager in a retail store, this ruling supports retailers stance on capped salaries for team members. Every year, most of my employees are eligible for a raise up to 60 cents an hour depending upon their work performance throughout the year. There is a small group of team members that are considered by corporate to be maxed out, or grand fathered and are not eligible for any more than a 5 cent raise per hour, no matter what their work performance. It takes many years of service to reach this lofty hour wage, but 2 of my employees know do not qualify for a full raise each year, both of which have been retail team members for 22 plus years. The nature of this rule and the length of time needed to reach the maximum pay grade has a much more negative affect on my elderly employees than my high school team. Obviously, the ruling in this case supports this type of negative impacts towards seniors that these types of rules cause. Research Papers on William Mullin Vs Raytheon and the Disparate Impact - Ethics EssayMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneTrailblazing by Eric AndersonCapital PunishmentNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

The J.C. Penney Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The J.C. Penney Case - Assignment Example Having said the above, it would also be stressed that the fact that the components of the new business model worked together did not necessarily mean that they could achieve the goal for which they were set. It cannot also be said that the components could lead to the expected results of the company. The lapses came because there were some key components that were missing from what was institutionalized. More specifically, the new business model had eliminated the role of customers as there was no market research leading up to the implementation of the model. Meanwhile, customers have been identified as very important stakeholders in the success of any business model (Ofek & Avery, 2012).One major deficiency that can be seen from the administration of Johnson is that its business model was totally disjointed from its pricing strategy. As a matter of fact, the aggressive sales expert team that was institutionalized as a result of the new business model could have functioned best if th ere were specific promotions they were championing. The business model was however brought in place after the old pricing strategy which was the high-low pricing strategy had been scrapped. This created a total disconnect between the business model and the pricing strategy because there was virtually no promotion in place for the sales experts to pursue. Meanwhile, the customer base of the company had repeated given signal to the fact that it preferred to have promotional sales in place.

Pre-lecture response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pre-lecture response - Essay Example In effect, the Southerners favored retrogressive practices and opposed governmental policies such as taxation whenever they perceived them as an attack on their agrarian practices. The Southern states stood their ground in opposing State Rights that gave the federal government the authority to regulate slavery. Specifically, the reason for this was that slaves were the primary source of labor in the cotton fields. According to the Southern representatives, there was no solution to the slavery business. Notably, the Southerners through William Cobb, Georgia Congressman asserted that by abolishing slavery â€Å"you have kindled a fire which all the waters of the ocean cannot put out, which seas of blood can only extinguish† (151). Specifically, the reason for this was that slavery was an essential institution and economic engine for the economy of the US and other countries like Britain that depended on the Southern-grown cotton for their industries. On the other hand, the north was more political matures and expressed a high level of modernization in the way the representatives addressed political and social differences. In particular, slavery was a major factor in the division between the regions as the Northern section supported the abolishment of the practice and the freedom to the slaves. In practice, several Northern Tycoons demonstrated their willingness to support the end of slavery. In particular, the admission of Missouri raised great concern due to its slavery policies. Specifically, New York Congressman James Tallmadge suggested amendment of the constitution â€Å"that all children born within the said state (Missouri) after the admission thereof into the Union shall be free at the age of 25 years†

Overview Of Vowels And Consonants

Overview Of Vowels And Consonants Language is an organization of sounds, of vocal symbols-the sounds produced from the mouth with the help of various organs of speech to convey some meaningful message. Language has a very important social purpose, because it is mainly used for linguistic communication. It is the most powerful, convenient and permanent means and form of communication. A language can be used in two ways for the purposes of communication. It can be spoken or written but the medium of speech is more important than writing. This is because speech comes first in the history of any language community in fact, it came centuries before writing in the history of any language community. Secondly, speech comes first in the history of any individual. We started speaking long before we started writing. Speech as a medium of communication is used much more than the medium of writing. I n every language, a letter of the alphabet represents a particular sound. Lastly, modern technology has contributed tremendously t o the importance of speech- modern inventions like the telephone, the radio, the tape recorder and several such devices have raised problems of communication primarily concerned with speech. Linguistics is a systematic study of language. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics and it is the branch dealing with the medium of speech. It deals with the production, transmission and reception of the sounds of human speech. For the production of speech sounds, we need an air-stream mechanism. There are three main air-stream mechanisms, such as, pulmonic, glottalic and velaric air-stream mechanisms. When the air-stream mechanism is used to push out, it is called egressive and when it is used to draw air in, it is called ingressive. Most sounds of most languages in the world are produced with a pulmonic egressive air-stream mechanism. The author described in detail the various organs that are responsible for converting the lung-air into speech sounds before it escapes into the outer atmosphere. For instance, if we say a prolonged ssss, a prolonged zzzz, a prolonged ffff and a prolonged vvvv, we see at once two things. We recognize these as speech sounds because these sounds occur i n the various words we use in our English speech. The other thing we notice is that each one of these sounds is different from the others. Speech sounds are very broadly divided into two categories, namely, Vowels and Consonants. If we say the English word shoe, we realize that this word is made up of two sounds, one represented by the letters sh and the other represented by the letters oe. When we produce the sound represented by the letters sh slowly, we realize that during the production of this sound, the air escapes through the mouth with friction. On the other hand, when we produce the sound represented by the letters oe, the air escapes through the mouth freely and we do not hear any friction. The sound is represented by the letters sh in the word shoe is a consonant and the sound represented by the letters oe in the word shoe is a vowel. All sounds during the production of which we hear friction are consonants, but not all consonants are produced with friction. If we say the words, she, shoe, shy, show, ship and shout, we will realize that when we produce the sounds represented by the letters e, oe, y, ow, i and ou in these words, the air escapes through the mouth freely without any friction. All these sounds are therefore vowels but each one of them sounds different from the others. These sounds should therefore be sub-classified. Similarly, if we say the words shoe, see, zoo and who, we will hear friction during the production of the sounds represented by the letters sh, s, z and wh. All these sounds are therefore consonants. But once again, we will see that each of them sounds different from the others. The sounds that are called consonants also need to be sub-classified. Description of Consonants: The word consonant has been derived from the Greek word consonautem, which means the sound produced with the help of some other sound (vowel). A consonant is usually described, taking into account whether it is voiceless or voiced, its place of articulation and its manner of articulation. Manner of articulation refers to the stricture involved and plosive, affricate, nasal, fricative, etc; are labels given to consonants according to their manner of articulation. Place of articulation just means the two articulators involved in the production of a consonant. Consonants can be described according to their places of articulation. The label used is normally an adjective derived from the name of the passive articulator. The places of articulation that we frequently come across are bilabial, labio-dental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, palato-alveolar, retroflex, palatal, velar, uvular and glottal. The classification of sounds into vowels and consonants is customary irrespective of phonetic, phonological, or orthographic references. The current classification following Pike divides the sounds into vocoids (vowel sounds), contoids (consonant sounds) and semi-vocoids or semi-contoids (for example; /w/ and /j/ in English). The terms contoids and vocoids refer to phonetic form only, without any reference to phonological function. A vocoid, according to Pike, is a segment formed with an open approximation of the articulators, with or without a velic closure, and with central passage or air-stream. All other segments are contoids. In English, there can be syllabic vocoids, non-syllabic vocoids, syllabic contoids and non-syllabic contoids. Syllabic vocoids are all vowel sounds; they function as syllable nuclei. Phonetically, the vocoids are vowels and their phonological function is that of a syllabic vocoid. Non-syllabic vocoids are the sounds which are phonetically vocoids but phonologically are contoids. Syllabic contoids are the sounds which are phonetically contoids but their phonological function is that of syllabic nucleus, that is, they represent the V element in the structure of a syllable. Non-syllabic contoids are the sounds that phonetically are contoids and phonologically represent the C element in the structure of a syllable. A description of consonantal sounds, according to A.C.Gimson, must provide answers to the following questions:- Is the air-stream set in motion by the lungs or by some other means (pulmonic or non-pulmonic)? Is the air-stream forced outwards or sucked inwards (egressive or ingressive)? Do the vocal cords vibrate or not (voiced or voiceless)? Is the soft palate raised or lowered? Or, does the air pass through the oral cavity (mouth) or the nasal cavity (nose)? At what point or points and between what organs does the closure or narrowing take place (Place of articulation)? What is the type of closure or narrowing at the point of articulation (Manner of articulation)? Thus, the description of a consonant will include five kinds of information: 1.) The nature of air-stream mechanism, 2.) The state of the glottis, 3.) The position of the soft palate, 4.) The articulators involved- the active articulator and the passive articulator and 5.) The nature of stricture involved regarding its production. The Nature of Air-Stream Mechanism: All English sounds, vowels as well as consonants, are produced with a Pulmonic egressive air-stream mechanism, that is, the lung-air pushed out. The State of the Glottis: Speech sounds can be classified as voiceless or voiced, depending upon whether the vocal cords are wide apart and the glottis is wide open (voiceless) or the vocal cords are kept loosely together and they vibrate (voiced). The Position of the Soft Palate: Speech sounds can be classified as oral or nasal, depending upon whether the soft-palate is raised so as to shut off the nasal passage of air (oral) or it is lowered to open the nasal passage of air simultaneously with an oral closure (nasal). Sounds can also be nasalised. The Articulators Involved-the Active and Passive Articulators: Of the various articulators described in the chapter, at least two are required for the production of any speech sound; some articulators move during the production of speech sounds. These are termed as active articulators. Certain other articulators remain passive and the active articulators move in the direction of these. These are termed as passive articulators. The Nature of Stricture Involved: The term stricture refers to the way in which the passage of air is restricted by the various organs of speech. The stricture may be one of complete closure, that is, the active and passive articulators come into firm contact with each other, thus preventing the lung-air from escaping through the mouth. Simultaneously, there is a velic closure, that is, the soft palate is raised, thereby shutting off the nasal passage of air. Thus, the lung-air is blocked in the mouth. When the oral closure is released, that is, when the active articulator is suddenly removed from the passive articulator, the air escapes with a small explosive noise. Sounds produced with a stricture of complete closure and sudden release are called plosives. If the active articulator is removed slowly from the passive articulator, instead of the explosive noise that is characteristic of plosive consonants, friction will be heard. Description of Vowels: Vowels may be defined with an open approximation without any obstruction, partial or complete, in the air passage. They are referred to as vocoids in phonetics. They can be described in terms of three variables: Height of tongue. Part of the tongue which is raised or lowered. Lip-rounding. So vocoids are normally classified according to these three criteria: tongue-height (high, mid, low, or close, half-close, half-open and open), tongue-advancement (front, central, back) and lip-rounding (rounded and unrounded). In order to describe the vowels, we usually draw three points in the horizontal axes: front, central and back, referring to the part of the tongue which is the highest. So, we have : Front vowels, during the production of which the front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. For example; / i, i: , e: , a / in Hindi, and / i, i: , e , à ¦ / in English as in sit, seat, set, and sat respectively. Back vowels, during the production of which the back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate. For example; / o: , u , u: ,/ in Hindi, and / a: , Ɇ , ɆÃƒâ€¹Ã‚  , u , u: / in English as in cart, cot, caught, book and tool respectively. Central vowels, during the production of which the central part of the tongue ( the part between the front and the back) is raised. For example; / Éâ„ ¢ / in Hindi, and / Éâ„ ¢ , Éâ„ ¢: , ÊŒ / in English as in about, earth and but respectively. O n the vertical axis, we usually draw four points: close, half-close, half-open, and open. They are also referred to as high, high mid, mid (middle), low mid, and low by some phoneticians, especially the American phoneticians. On the basis of the vertical axes, we have the following types of vowels. A close vowel is one for which the tongue is as close to the roof of mouth as possible. For example; / i: / in sea and / u: / in zoo. An open vowel is one which is produced with the tongue as low as possible and the jaws are wide open. For example, / a: / in card and / Ɇ / in hot. We can describe a vowel by using a three term label, indicating the height, the direction (advancement) of the tongue, and the position of the lips. For example; / a: / in the English word, arm, back, open, unrounded vowel. / Ɇ / in the English word, hot, back, open, rounded vowel. / i: / in the English word, need, front, close, unrounded vowel. / u / in the English word, tooth, back, close, rounded vowel. To describe the vowel sound, we mention whether it is open or close, half-close or half-open, front or back or central, long or short, whether the tongue is tense or lax while the vowel is being pronounced, and whether lips are spread, neutral, open rounded, or close rounded. All English vowels are voiced. So, for every vowel, we must state that it is voiced. Hence, to sum up, the main point of a language is to convey information. Nowadays, language can take various forms. It can be spoken or written. Peter Ladefoged also talked in his book that speech is the common way of using language. Another aspect of speech that is not part of language is the way speech conveys information about the speakers attitude to life, the subject under discussion and the person spoken to. The final kind of non-linguistic information conveyed by speech is the identity of the speaker. You can often tell the identity of the person who is speaking without looking at them. But then again, we may be wrong. Whenever we speak, we create a disturbance in the air around us, a sound wave, which is a small but rapid variation in air pressure spreading through the air. Speech sounds such as vowels can differ in pitch, loudness and quality. We can say the vowel a as in father on any pitch within the range of our voice. We can also say it softly or loudly without altering the pitch. And we can say as many different vowels as we can, without altering either the pitch or the loudness. The pitch of the sound depends on the rate of repetition of the changes in air pressure. The loudness of the sound depends on the size of the variations in air pressure. The third way in which sounds can differ is in quality, sometimes called timbre. The vowel in see differs in quality from the first vowel in father., irrespective of whether it also differs in pitch or loudness. Thus, Peter Ladefoged in his book has discussed the principal constraints on the evolution of the sounds of the worlds languages, which are ease of articulation, auditory distinctiveness, and gestural economy. He also discussed the differences between speech and language, and has also outlined some of the main acoustic distinctions among sounds; and how one of the acoustic distinctions, that corresponding to pitch, is used in the worlds languages.

Wal-Mart Supply Chain Management Essay -- Wal-Mart Logistics

Retail super-giant Wal-Mart has fought its way to becoming the world's largest company. Much of their success can be attributed to providing a vast assortment of products at exceptional prices all under one roof. Wal-Mart began operations in 1964 and has since become the world leader in retail. Today, Wal-Mart is visited by 138 million customers per week at their 4,750 stores. Wal-Mart operates under four basic rules in order to satisfy such a large number of customers: Respect the individual, provide the best service to their customers, strive for excellence, and exceed customer expectations. Their corporate mission focuses on a global growth strategy through concentrated integration. The company continues to expand its existing discount stores, warehouses, and super-centers. The company maintains two goals: First, Provide the customer with what they want, when they want it, all at value and secondly, team spirit through total dependency on associates to treat customers as they would want to be treated. Their business strategy is to provide well-known name brands at an everyday low price. Wal-Mart has a wide range of products offered. They offer everything from electronics, movies, books, toys, games, gardening supplies, home supplies, photo development, gifts, jewelry, and at some locations even automobile, optometry, and grocery shopping centers. In operating its network of retail stores Wal-Mart pushes their output to the general public. Wal-Mart focuses their competitive priorities on bringing the customer the lowest prices by selling in volume. The vast size and selection essentially guarantees that the store will have what the customer wants in stock and at a cheaper price than competitors. This strategy allows them to outsell their competition. In order to facilitate the achievement of their goals Wal-Mart has designed their layout to accommodate a large number of shoppers at the same time. They build expansive stores with wide aisles so that many people can feel comfortable shopping at the same time. Wal-Mart has taken the initiative to build stores in countless rural towns and smaller cities. They have increased their market share and have gained a reputable name by doing so. At the same time, this benefit has created an enormous supply chain management problem. How can Wal-Mart effectively keep all of its... ...y at creating an efficient supply chain in order to beat the competition on price and selection has certainly paid off. Works Cited Bacheldor, Beth. Information Week. ?Sen. Leahy Calls On Congress to Study RFID.? Accessed 4/30/04. http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?ArticleID=18402616 Beatty, Vernon L., Jr. ?You Gonna Be a Greeter Accessed 4/30/04. http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/janfeb97/ms046.htm. Bianco, Anthony and Zellner, Wendy. Business Week. ?Is Wal-Mart Too Powerful Accesed 5/3/04. http://www.businessweek.com/maganize/content/03_04/b3852001_mz001.htm ?Carrers.? Wal-Mart. Accessed 4/30/04. http://www.walmartstores.com/wmstores/wmstores. Fishman, Charles. Fast Company. ?The Wal-Mart You Don?t Know.? Accessed 5/2/04. http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/77/walmart.html Heizer, Jay and Render, Barry. Operations Management. Seventh Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey, 2004. ?Stauffer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.? US Department of Labor. Accessed 4/30/04. http://www.oalj.dol.gov/public/wblower/decsn/99sta21c.htm ?Wal-Mart Effect? Accessed 5/3/04. http://www.wordspy.com/words/Wal-Marteffect.asp.

Bank of America Case Study Essay

Problem Statement Can Bank of America initiate, renew or terminate different sponsorship opportunities. Which of the different sponsorships will have the biggest ability to help the bank’s business segments accomplish there business objectives, and which ones could damage them. Background Bank of America was operating in 29 states, District of Colombia and 43 foreign countries, serving individual customers, small to middle market businesses and large corporations. They provided a diversified range of financial assistances, such as banking, investing and asset management. All this through three business segments: Global Consumer and Small Business Banking, Global wealth and Global Corporate and Investment Banking. The headquarters of Bank of America is located in Charlotte, North Carolina. One of the banks business strategies is to serve as a leading financial partner and advisor across all major sports. Owners, leagues and franchises can turn to them with all banking needs. The bank spent more on sponsoring sports then any other bank in the US based bank. Sports such as major and minor baseball, the PGA-tour, NASCAR and NFL. Bank of America actually grew from many smaller banks, as regional banks where acquired the bank got sport relationships along with the smaller banks; which were kept to show their commitment to serving its customers and communities. Official Bank of Baseball Since 1880 Baseball was generally considered a part of America’s heritage and also a part of Bank of America’s culture that sponsored their employee baseball teams. And in 2004 the bank became the first company ever to be designated the Official Bank of Baseball. Sports Sponsorship Philosophy and Selection Criteria In 2006 Ray Bednar joined the Bank of America as senior VP and global sponsorships executive, he was there to oversee the strategy and activation deployment for the company’s expansive sport sponsorships portfolio. His largest responsibility lied with the application of more difficult and  explicit business criteria, beyond his employment to the traditional marketing/promotional considerations and making sponsorships decisions. Bednar explained: We are a Bank. If we sponsor, we expect banking relationships. We are concerned about getting banking business instead of just generating brand awareness and brand association, or generating more retail traffic. Sponsorships for Bank of America is ultimately a banking business decision- a decision to help our line of business. NASCAR With a broad reach as 1800 racing events and more than 110 tracks in 36 states it is ranked number one corporate involvement and per-event attendance, and number two in television viewership. Given Bank of America’s long involvement with NASCAR, they could continue to expand their association with the sport and benefit and build excitement for fans across the country. But is this an appropriate and effective platform for targeting multiple customer segments. U.S Olympic Committee The banks involvement with the Olympic team gores back to 1921. But in 1992 another bank, Bank America became the Official Bank Sponsor of the U.S Olympic team. What Bank of America now faced was whether the USOC and the Olympic Games remained a good strategic fit with the bank? Should the bank renew its sponsorship beyond its 2008 commitment? Would global reach associate well with the banks philosophy and selection criteria? Dallas Cowboys Bank of America had been involved in the financing of the Dallas Cowboys. Bednar faced the decision of whether or not to renew the sponsorship with the NFL-team, how had to consider on how the return on investment on objectives approaches could be applied. Bank of America PGA tournaments Two of their major sponsorships in golf were the Bank of America Championship  in the Boston area and the Bank of America Colonial in Fort Worth, Texas. They recognized the risk of losing the relationships with club members, but not as enough to justify the continued investment. How could the implement this exit strategy and still maintain existing banking relationships Recommendations The name of the company clearly states who the costumers should be. My recommendations would be to focus on the sponsorships within the America. NASCAR, NFL and Baseball are great opportunities to create relationships with their costumers. They might even try to become the Official bank of NFL one day. With that said I think the bank should try and sponsor less of the global sporting events such as the Olympic committee. The PGA tour, while it is played in the US it is televised in the whole world and since they are not reaching towards that market, I think less sponsorship should be put in this event as well. As for the Chicago marathon they should sell the event but stay as sponsor. Question If Bank of America would like to go global, would they have to change their name to something less patriotic?

The Negativity Of The American Education System - 1509 Words

The Negativity of the American Education System The American Education System is not meeting the needs of current students. If anything, the system is not building a sturdy foundation for the future working class. Schools have existed for many years and every period they have worked differently. However, every school’s main purpose was to educate students to be efficacious later in life. Modern day schools are corrupting students with added pressure, standardized tests, making less accommodations for special education students, not following laws, and take away individualism from the students’. The students of modern times are the people of our future and the future does not look too bright with the current American Education System. On the other hand, there is an argument that the education system provides positive qualities. Some students are actually improving in the classroom and on standardized tests. In her book, Christina Fisanick found that â€Å"In Wisc onsin, 87 percent of third-graders were reading at grade-level or above. This number was an all-time high, and a 13 percent increase over 2002 scores† (Fisanick, 17). Success for all is one of many purposes that come from the educational system. An education reform named No Child Left Behind signed in January of 2002 was to make sure all students were given the chance to improve. In other words, this act made educators work even harder to make sure all students were moving on and that no child was being leftShow MoreRelated American Democracy Essays819 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Democracy The American democracy is one of the most peaceful kinds of government in the world although it is a long way from utopia. The democracy in which we live has many strengths and weaknesses. Neither strengths or weaknesses out weigh one another, but it is necessary to have both due to the varying definitions. 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