Somatic Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Ethics Essays

Substantial Gene Therapy To a parent, the idea of their youngster having a serious, yet uncommon hereditary malady brings blame, misery, and obligation to a throbbing heart. Guardians who see their youngster go through existence with the heaviness of a terminal sickness frequently wish in their souls that the revile had been set upon them instead of their kid. To a few, the idea of the old clichã © no parent should see their kid kick the bucket appears to swim interminably in their brain. The expectation for a fix fills the hearts of many looking out for the edge of their seats in seeks after a superior personal satisfaction for themselves, friends and family, and mankind. The updates on progress with a novel innovation in settling these illnesses gets a reason life. Such is the situation with Ashanti DeSilva, a four-year-old young lady determined to have extreme joined insusceptible insufficiency (Human Gene Therapy). Ashanti scarcely lived what might be call a typical life, bound to her clean home where she combat regular youth infections, similar to the cool, with huge measures of anti-infection agents. She carried on with an existence of detachment, maintaining a strategic distance from contact with people in general and even those she adored. With an undermined safe framework because of a missing quality in her genome, she was powerless against each passing germ. On September 14, 1990, Ashanti got an extraordinary treatment as the main affirmed quality treatment. In the technique the scientists expelled white platelets from Ashanti, which were then developed in a lab. These cells were then grafted with the missing quality and injected once more into Ashanti. In spite of the fact that this is a treatment and not a fix, Ashanti would now be able to carry on with a real existence she and her folks longed for. She would now be able to go to class and play with loved ones unafraid of contact, in th is way living a more... ...lt;http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical/> Human Gene Therapy (2000). National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.georgetown.edu/research/nrcbl/scopenotes/sn24htm>. Questions and Answers About Gene Therapy (1993). National Cancer Institute. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.cancernet.nci.nih.gov/clinpdq/treatment/Questions_and_Answers_About_Gene_Therapy.htm>. Rubanyi, G. (2001). The Future of Human Gene Therapy. Sub-atomic Aspects of Medicine. 22,3, pp. 113-142. Walters, LeRoy, and Julie Gage Palmer. Morals of Human Gene Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York. 1997. Williams, D. (2003). Quality Therapy-New Challenges Ahead. Science. 302, 5644, pp. 400. Wilson, J. (1997) What Is Gene Therapy? The Institute for Human Gene Therapy. (On the web) 20Nov04. <http://www.med.upenn.edu/ihgt/data/whatisgt.html>.

Free Essays on Obstacle

Snag Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The repulsive expression one’s mother may emphasize to them over a hundred times in the wake of seeing your report card. That liable inclination in your gut, where your stomach feels pain-filled and you simply need to secure yourself in the washroom to escape from assuming liability for your own activities. The detest that develops from inside for each one of those occasions you got calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than getting your work done. I comprehend, I felt these sentiments of the brain stopping. I’ve felt the shame of being singled out by an educator in class, and having that warm sensation conquer your face, where your cheeks turn blushing and the forehead upon your head expends with sweat and trickles like a broken fixture. All since you didn’t get your work done. I should concede, the initial two years of secondary school were damnation for me. They were two of the most troublesome years I have experienced in my sixteen years of presence. Sluggishness and relaxing devoured my psyche and body. I was the sovereign of hesitation, however with assistance and direction from an incredible help group I am by all accounts defeating my repulsive propensities, if that’s what you need to call them. I surmise I could gripe and accuse the ADD that I was determined to have, yet that would be unreasonably simple for me to do. I realize my ADD has had numerous effects on the choices I have made and the manner in which I go about numerous things, however lethargy and relaxing were my doings. I let myself capitulate to these bad dreams of each understudy instructor relationship. At the point when offered additional assistance while I was battling in school I was excessively intense and unshakable to acknowledge the assistance that I required. Rather than posing inquiries to encourage my insight into class conversation themes, I could be found in the rear of class napping off, or attempting to enjoy a succulent discussion with my neighbor. At the point when test time in tenth grade came around, I at long last had become a model of togetherness. I was... Free Essays on Obstacle Free Essays on Obstacle Hindrance Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The terrible expression one’s mother may repeat to them over a hundred times in the wake of seeing your report card. That liable inclination in your gut, where your stomach feels throbbing and you simply need to secure yourself in the restroom to escape from assuming liability for your own activities. The detest that develops from inside for each one of those occasions you got calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than getting your work done. I comprehend, I felt these sentiments of the brain stopping. I’ve felt the humiliation of being singled out by an educator in class, and having that warm sensation conquer your face, where your cheeks turn blushing and the temple upon your head expends with sweat and trickles like a defective fixture. All since you didn’t get your work done. I should concede, the initial two years of secondary school were hellfire for me. They were two of the most troublesome years I have experienced in my sixteen years of presence. Lethargy and relaxing expended my brain and body. I was the sovereign of stalling, however with assistance and direction from an extraordinary help group I am by all accounts conquering my frightful propensities, if that’s what you need to call them. I surmise I could gripe and accuse the ADD that I was determined to have, yet that would be unreasonably simple for me to do. I realize my ADD has had numerous impacts on the choices I have made and the manner in which I go about numerous things, however sluggishness and relaxing were my doings. I let myself surrender to these bad dreams of each understudy instructor relationship. At the point when offered additional assistance while I was battling in school I was excessively striking and hardheaded to acknowledge the assistance that I required. Rather than posing inquiries to encourage my insight into class conversation subjects, I could be found in the rear of class resting off, or attempting to enjoy a delicious discussion with my neighbor. At the point when test time in tenth grade came around, I at long last had become a model of togetherness. I was...

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis 1. Relevance Do not blindly follow the data you have collected; make sure your original research objectives inform which data does and does not make it into your analysis. All data presented should be relevant and appropriate to your aims. Irrelevant data will indicate a lack of focus and incoherence of thought. In other words, it is important that you show the same level of scrutiny when it comes to the data you include as you did in the literature review. By telling the reader the academic reasoning behind your data selection and analysis, you show that you are able to think critically and get to the core of an issue. This lies at the very heart of higher academia. 2. Analysis It is important that you use methods appropriate both to the type of data collected and the aims of your research. You should explain and justify these methods with the same rigour with which your collection methods were justified. Remember that you always have to show the reader that you didn’t choose your method haphazardly, rather arrived at it as the best choice based on prolonged research and critical reasoning. The overarching aim is to identify significant patterns and trends in the data and display these findings meaningfully. 3. Quantitative work Quantitative data, which is typical of scientific and technical research, and to some extent sociological and other disciplines, requires rigorous statistical analysis. By collecting and analysing quantitative data, you will be able to draw conclusions that can be generalised beyond the sample (assuming that it is representative â€" which is one of the basic checks to carry out in your analysis) to a wider population. In social sciences, this approach is sometimes referred to as the “scientific method,” as it has its roots in the natural sciences. 4. Qualitative work Qualitative data is generally, but not always, non-numerical and sometimes referred to as ‘soft’. However, that doesn’t mean that it requires less analytical acuity â€" you still need to carry out thorough analysis of the data collected (e.g. through thematic coding or discourse analysis). This can be a time consuming endeavour, as analysing qualitative data is an iterative process, sometimes even requiring the application hermeneutics. It is important to note that the aim of research utilising a qualitative approach is not to generate statistically representative or valid findings, but to uncover deeper, transferable knowledge. 5. Thoroughness The data never just ‘speaks for itself’. Believing it does is a particularly common mistake in qualitative studies, where students often present a selection of quotes and believe this to be sufficient â€" it is not. Rather, you should thoroughly analyse all data which you intend to use to support or refute academic positions, demonstrating in all areas a complete engagement and critical perspective, especially with regard to potential biases and sources of error. It is important that you acknowledge the limitations as well as the strengths of your data, as this shows academic credibility. 6. Presentational devices It can be difficult to represent large volumes of data in intelligible ways. In order to address this problem, consider all possible means of presenting what you have collected. Charts, graphs, diagrams, quotes and formulae all provide unique advantages in certain situations. Tables are another excellent way of presenting data, whether qualitative or quantitative, in a succinct manner. The key thing to keep in mind is that you should always keep your reader in mind when you present your data â€" not yourself. While a particular layout may be clear to you, ask yourself whether it will be equally clear to someone who is less familiar with your research. Quite often the answer will be “no,” at least for your first draft, and you may need to rethink your presentation. 7. Appendix You may find your data analysis chapter becoming cluttered, yet feel yourself unwilling to cut down too heavily the data which you have spent such a long time collecting. If data is relevant but hard to organise within the text, you might want to move it to an appendix. Data sheets, sample questionnaires and transcripts of interviews and focus groups should be placed in the appendix. Only the most relevant snippets of information, whether that be statistical analyses or quotes from an interviewee, should be used in the dissertation itself. 8. Discussion In discussing your data, you will need to demonstrate a capacity to identify trends, patterns and themes within the data. Consider various theoretical interpretations and balance the pros and cons of these different perspectives. Discuss anomalies as well consistencies, assessing the significance and impact of each. If you are using interviews, make sure to include representative quotes to in your discussion. 9. Findings What are the essential points that emerge after the analysis of your data? These findings should be clearly stated, their assertions supported with tightly argued reasoning and empirical backing. 10. Relation with literature Towards the end of your data analysis, it is advisable to begin comparing your data with that published by other academics, considering points of agreement and difference. Are your findings consistent with expectations, or do they make up a controversial or marginal position? Discuss reasons as well as implications. At this stage it is important to remember what, exactly, you said in your literature review. What were the key themes you identified? What were the gaps? How does this relate to your own findings? If you aren’t able to link your findings to your literature review, something is wrong â€" your data should always fit with your research question(s), and your question(s) should stem from the literature. It is very important that you show this link clearly and explicitly. Need help with dissertation writing? Our dissertation writing service, offered by our network of over 3,000 world-class academic writers, can provide you with a model dissertation you can use as a customised map to the results you need. Find out more You may also like... Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation methodology Advice for successfully writing a dissertation How to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 steps data analysisdata analysis writing tipsdissertation data analysisdissertation helpdissertation writingdissertation writing service

International Trade Essay - 814 Words

International Trade In today’s world there are many issues in need of reformation, one of which is international trade, otherwise known as globalization. Although there are a great deal of rules, regulations, and policies imposed on international trade, the manner in which those rules have been enforced is a major controversy that seems to be escalating day by day. At the center of the controversy is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was established in 1995 in order to transform the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commercial code. Critics of the WTO say that instead of being run democratically and in the interest of member countries, it has become the enforcer of corporate managed†¦show more content†¦Once again they are demonstrating that the pursuit of wealth is it’s number one goal and ignoring massive protests launched by American labor unions who argue that the pact could cost hundreds of thousands of American jobs due to an increase in Chinese imports and companies who may decide to relocate factories to China, where cheap labor can be utilized. Another prominent issue concerning the WTO is organically produced foods, which have become a highly demanded product in the last few years. Countries take part in distributing and manufacturing foods because it has led to an increased amount of trade (increasing exports and minimizing imports). The parties that have benefited most from organically produced foods are farmers and agricultural businesses in other countries. But a negative impact would be increased competition among businesses. This represents a rational point of view. Competitors are only concerned with their own wealth and distinction. The company and its well-being is their self interest. Their primary goal is success. Businesses expect other businesses, along with the customers, to show obedience. Companies, individuals and countries alike all view the perspective of the rational dimension. The economy as a whole is rational. Groups such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) are using their hierarchy of power to benefit themselves. The WTO has enforced it’s own laws on the opening ofShow MoreRelatedThe Trade Of International Trade1538 Words   |  7 PagesInternational trade is the exchange of capital, goods in general, and services across other countries or territory provided if the government impose free trade. (Grosse; Behrman, 1992) Free trade means that the government do not intervene on what its citizen can buy, produce or sell internationally. International trade first began in a barter system which is followed by mercantilism in the early 16th and 17th century we’re mercantilism trade is practiced and this is what nation nowadays still viewRead MoreInternational Trade1662 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The escalating liberalization of international trade that occurred during the decades following World War II under the impulse of various multilateral agreements and organizations has brought about a dramatic change in the geographic scope of logistics and freight transportation systems. While new trade ties have emerged with East Asia, long-time trading partners such as the United States and European nations have also intensified their trade relationships, to the point that the EuropeanRead MoreInternational Trade16708 Words   |  67 PagesExport/Import Procedures and International Trade Contents 1) Outline on International Trade 2) Problems and Barriers to Trade 3) International Trade Terms 4) Trade Financing Payment 5) International Trading Pricing 6) Shipping Documents 7) Cargo Insurance 8) Shipping Organizations 9) Containerisation 10) Freight Market 11) Shipping Operation 12) International Organizations 13) Physical Distribution 14) Modes of Transportation Chapter 1 Outline on International Trade 1. Introduction Read MoreTrade Finance and International Trade1903 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Branch trade finance has become a strong bargaining point in the conduct of international trade. Negotiating strategy needed to reduce finance risk (Branch, 2005). Trade finance is a topic contained the financial facilities industry. Manufactured goods is sold and distributed to overseas; therefore, it takes longer to get paid. Additional time and energy is required to make sure that buyers are trustworthy and creditworthy. Also, foreign buyers who are just like domestic buyers. TheyRead MoreInternational Trade And Trade Agreements Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pages Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries (McWilliams Williams 2010). It also has to do with international trade and trade agreements. Corporations that own businesses in two or more countries are called multinational corporations (McWilliams Williams 2010). Most of these global businesses main headquarters are found in the United States or the United Kingdom. Expanding to a global market is quite a complex process and businessesRead MoreImpact Of Trade On The International Trade Market1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this quest ion, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, includingRead MoreWhat Is International Trade?1669 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is international Trade? International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer. The exchange of goods also affectsRead MoreInternational Trade and Finance1501 Words   |  7 PagesLinda Luc Duong International Trade and Finance ECO/372 August 27, 2012 Matthew J. Angner International Trade and Finance When there is a surplus of imports brought into the United States it means that the price of the products will drop. Companies in the United States are competing with the Chinese made products will suffer from price drops on goods. Lower prices on goods will benefit consumers. Large screen Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and High Definition Television (HDTV) is a good exampleRead MoreImpact Of Trade Relations On International Trade1485 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are dependant on international trade and the government plays a big role in this through forming their trade policy (Miller, 2010). In the past smaller countries have relied on trading with bigger nations, but in the mid-1960’s a lot of countries looked to pursue independence in their foreign policy. Even though we live in this new technological and global age, forming trade relations is vital to our economy. Every country has different trade policies which determine how trade occurs between themselvesRead MoreThe I nternational Trade Concepts1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Trade Concepts The International Trade Concepts simulation helps one to learn the advantages and limitations of international trade. One can also take what is learned from the simulation and relate it to the U.S. economy and the effects international trade has on it. Learning about how fiscal and monetary policies affect the exchange rate is important as well. Not only can one apply what was learned in the simulation to the U.S. economy but they can also apply it to their workplace

Women Of The American Civil War - 1357 Words

The American Civil War was a time of great trial and tribulation for the American people. It forced individuals to choose a cause, and many families were torn asunder as they chose opposing sides. As the men marched off to war a small group of women prepared to wage a different kind of warfare. These women became an overlooked but deadly force using espionage and womanly wiles to gather military intelligence for their cause. They used whatever means they had at their disposal to enter into the confidence of men within the opposing side and gain their trust. Women during this period were often overlooked as insignificant and stationary. Women were meant to stay within the home and care for their families needs. However, these extraordinary women rose to answer a more imminent need. These brave women had a profound influence on their cause. Mary Elizabeth Bowser was a Union spy during the Civil War. She was born in 1839 in Richmond, Virginia as a slave for the Van Lew family. She was freed after the death of her master, John Van Lew, in 1843. However, she stayed with the family and worked as a household servant. Elizabeth Van Lew, John Van Lew’s daughter, helped provide Mary with an education. Mary was received a brief education at the African American Quaker school in Philadelphia. However, rising tension in 1860 forced Mary to return to her home with the Van Lew family in Richmond. Bowser began her career as a spy for the Union after Elizabeth Van Lew requested her helpShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The American Civil War1369 Words   |  6 Pages Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War provides a look into the rarely discussed topic of women in the South during the time of the Civil War. While other authors consider the implications of slavery or military tactics from the viewpoint of men, Faust offers a refreshing take on these subjects along with others to construct a narrative that examines the role of women from a gender and class standpoint. Additionally, Faust suggests that women’s roles withinRead MoreWomen Of The American Civil War1499 Words   |  6 Pageswonderful history of the â€Å"Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War†. This informative study allows the reader to get a look into the life of privileged white women of the south. Faust uses diaries, political documents, newspapers and personal letters, to give the reader to experience things through the eyes and in the words of the women themselves. Faust presents a number of southern women whose lives were changed by the societal upheavals caused by the civil war. The book, proficientlyRead MoreThe Contributions Of Women In The American Civil War .1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Contributions of Women in the American Civil War The Civil War was a divisive time in American history that tore the country in half for five long years (1861-1865). After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern states seceded from the north and formed the Confederate States of America because they saw their way of life being threatened. They wanted to fight for their right to have slaves and for states to have more power. The North (Union) fought because secession wasn t an option andRead MoreAmerican Women During The Civil War914 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the Civil War, the Republicans had views that the defeat of the rebels and destruction of slavery were sufficient to guarantee prosperity for everyone. The traumatic events throughout the Civil War only intensified the desire among a growing group of American women to participate fully in the nation s political life. They were striving for a sense of agency in the United States not only as a collective whole, but also as individuals. Agency refers to the idea that each i ndividual in a cultureRead MoreWomen Spies in the American Civil War2015 Words   |  9 Pagesmillion deaths the most gruesome war in American history drove citizens to action. The suffering during this era was so great many were inspired by nationalism to act. For those who were unable to join the fight upon the battlefield, espionage represented a chance for personal involvement. Although it is believed that many agents never sought recognition for their service, especially Confederate scouts, documentation depicts the espionage present during the American Civil War to be surprisingly sophisticatedRead MoreMothers Of Invention : Women Of The American Civil War1265 Words   |  6 PagesInvention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War is a work by Drew Gilpin Faust, a renowned American historian and current President of Harvard University. Published in 1996 by the University of North Carolina Press in Chapel Hill, this is one of the several literary works by Fa ust describing history of the Civil War and of the American South. This nonfiction book includes 257 pages detailing the struggles and labors of the women on the Southern home front during the American CivilRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreWomen Demand Democracy : The American Civil War1157 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Women Demand Democracy The American Civil War was fought for freedom. However, even after the war, the concept of freedom was not universally understood. Freedom remained limited for certain individuals depending on their race, gender, and different class systems. The war especially had a great impact on the country’s social and political aspects of the entire population, particularly women. Essentially, it gave women the momentum to fight for their rights. Years before the civil war, womenRead MoreAfrican Americans And Women During The Civil War Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesAs of the mid-19th century and on was when African Americans and women were beginning to gain somewhat equal rights or were still disputing them. It is also well know that both have suffered in vastly different manners, but in some cases are very similar in certain struggles. African American men and women had to survive the terrors of the Ku Klux Klan in the southern states, managing life with the Black Code looming over the ir every move. They were basically fighting for something that a lot ofRead MoreLittle Women During The American Civil War1348 Words   |  6 Pagesvery closed. A change within a family unit has an effect on the family’s dynamic and how the family members interact with each other. American culture reflects this in the belief that families are changed either positively or negatively by major emotional events. The family unit can be described in many different ways. Sometimes the family unit, like in Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, consists of everyone that is blood related. The family unit can also extend past genetic barriers and represent

Police Body Cameras - 1715 Words

Todays Police Put On a Gun and a Camera Author: Johnson, Kirk ProQuest document link Abstract: Liability-conscious city attorneys say the cameras could help in lawsuits; rights groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union, say police accountability will be bolstered by another layer of public documentation; and the Justice Department, surveying 63 police departments that were using body cameras and many others that were not, concluded in a report this month that the technology had the potential to promote the perceived legitimacy and sense of procedural justice in interactions between the public and law enforcement. Links: Linking Service Full text: PULLMAN, Wash. -- Amateur videos of police officers doing their jobs have†¦show more content†¦If they dont yell it, is everything on there now the fruit of the poisonous tree? asked Sgt. Peter Simpson, a spokesman for the Portland police department, referring to the legal doctrine that improperly gathered evidence can taint an entire case and may not be used i n court. The Portland department is testing body cameras on six officers, with plans for a departmentwide rollout. Here in Washington State, which has one of the nations most vigorous public records laws, the Seattle police are wrestling with whether video can be posted online almost immediately, as a nearly real-time documentary, and how to blur or obscure images to protect the identities of victims or informers. A pilot project that had been set for the summer was postponed partly because of questions about how public access to the recordings would work. Storage, management and retrieval of the collected data create mammoth questions of their own. Private companies like Taser International offer document storage services, along with the cameras, batteries, docking stations and software, but state laws vary widely about how long criminal records must be stored, from a few years for most misdemeanors to in perpetuity for major felonies. And as Pullman and other police departments ar e finding, people often request multiple videos. That isShow MoreRelatedPolice And Body Cameras1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe body cameras would improve relationships with the public. â€Å"BWCs were allocated to all frontline officers in one for a period of six months (July 23, 2014–December 15, 2014), but not to any other frontline officers of the other five geographic districts ( officers=513). The single geographic district was therefore the treatment area, while each of the five other districts served as comparison sites†(). Arrests, complaints, 911 calls and the use of force were monitored through the cameras to improveRead MorePolice Officers And Body Cameras Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesagencies, or more specifically police officers, are under constant scrutiny from their peers as well as outside sources. Many of these problems arise from how the police treat and deal with these citizens. There is however a solution to these problems, which can not only impr ove officer safety, but can also protect anyone else that the officer encounters. The solution to this problem is officer mounted camera systems, or better known as body cameras. These body cameras capture almost everything anRead MorePolice Body Cameras On The World870 Words   |  4 Pagesyear after the camera s introduction, the use of force by officers’ decline 60%, and citizens’ complaints against police fell 88%†. (Christopher Mims) The introduction of police body cameras impacted the world in many better ways than bad. But, police body cameras were introduced due to the public s awareness to police brutality and numerous of publicity deaths which has impacted the outcome of police interactions. Police body cameras were first thought of when an awareness of police brutality wasRead MorePolice Enforcement And Body Cameras1770 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past several years the push for police to wear body cameras has greatly increased. Body cameras are small video and audio recorders that can be worn by police officers to capture all encounters the officers have with citizens. Large cities and counties across the nation have been testing body cameras among several police departments to see if they can actually improve the way police and citizens interact with one another. Over the course of the past several years evidence has shown that theRead MorePolice And Body Cameras A Need1859 Words   |  8 Pages Police and Body Cameras A Need to Heal Terri Williams ENG 122: English Composition II Prof. William Barone October 2, 2015 There are thousand among thousands of misconduct reports filed each year against the law enforcement for police officers using excessive force complaints make up nearly one quarter (Harvard Law Review, 2010). Decision, decision, decision†¦ when a police officer decides to gun down a suspect during encounter or an arrest it the police officer decision. Particularly, thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Body Cameras On A Police Environment Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom police officers has been a concern for many areas in the U.S. in recent years, resulting in protests and unnecessary deaths. A handful of incidents in places such as Ferguson and Baltimore have left many in America distrustful of law enforcement procedures and how some officers handle potentially dangerous situations. One solution proposed to this issue is to equip police officers with body cameras to record the actions of officers. Frank Scalise, author of his book on police body cameras, explainsRead MorePoli ce Body Camera Decline Police Brutality956 Words   |  4 PagesTechnological Era in Policing The dispute of police body cameras truly hit the media hard this week. Blasting from the headlines all citizens were aware that Michael Brown was lethally shot in Ferguson, Missouri. This prompted officers to become fortified with body cameras. This technologically progressive world that we live in today has shaped a world of tweeting, posting and uploading. It’s about time that police departments take advantage of the tools accessible to them, especially with the advancementRead MoreThe Importance Of Police Body Cameras On The Police Force1497 Words   |  6 PagesThis past May (2015), due to recent tense police-community relations, the Obama administration initiated a government program to evaluate the effectiveness of having the police force wear body cameras. The very public incidents that have occurred ignited accusations of police brutality and as a result, the call for police body cameras is one government action in response to these accusations. The theory being that all people, even those in official capacities, behave differently when they knowRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Cameras On Police Work1722 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of a city with positive results from the use of body-cameras. In Rialto, police began wearing body-cameras a little less than three years ago. As a result of officers wearing body-cameras, citizens’ complaints against police officers dropped 88 percent and use of force by police officers dropped 60 percent from the previous 12 month period when body-cameras were not in use. Rialto’s police chief said, â€Å"When you put a camera on a police officer, they tend to behave a little better, follow theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Police Body Cameras761 Words   |  4 PagesThere has been a lot of talk lately in the news about police body cameras. Some people agree that body cameras should be used by all police officers, while others disagree and believe that they shouldn’t be used at all. There are some cons to having body cameras but all of the pros outweigh it. Police body cameras should be used in all towns no matter how small because the people will act less aggressive towards officers, they provide truthful evidence that cannot be altered with, and the videos

Nanoparticles Come A Long Way Benefitting - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Nanoparticles Come A Long Way Benefitting? Answer: Introduction Nanoparticles have come a long way in benefitting humans after the initiation of its application in the field of food technology. Particles of different size and materials are widely being used for their properties to in food technology with respect to predetermined set goals like shelf-life, flavour, taste, appearance and preferences of consumers. Continual research is being carried out to understand completely the concerns related to such use of particles along with the benefits provided with them (Kumar, 2015). Taking this opportunity to inform the public on the advanced role of particles in food technology, an informative piece would be presented on the usefulness and concerns related to the latest development of the use of nanoparticles such as calcium and zinc in the packaging of food. The paper would provide a concise introduction to the topic and a summative analysis of the science and technology behind the process. It would also highlight the bottleneck of the process and an y safety and the environmental issue raised. Background and significance Speaking in general terms, nanomaterials used in packaging of foods consider the use of nanofilms that act as barriers to the prevention of spoilage of food and oxygen absorption. The common packaging in which nanomaterials are used as carrying bags, sandwich bags and aluminium foils. Active food packaging permits a ready interaction between food and packaging material, preventing antimicrobial growth. Nanoparticles such as zinc, silver and calcium are now being used as antimicrobial agents for the prevention of microbial spoilage of food. These particles are commonly being incorporated as edible film integrated with oregano oil or cinnamon oil in the food packaging. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO powder coated PVC film when examined under different conditions have been proved to be effective for different organisms. With the respect of food pathogens, the success achieved is considerably impressive as the electrostatic interaction between bacterial cell surface and nanoparticles inhi bits optimally the growth of pathogens (Bumbudsanpharoke et al., 2015). Echegoyen and Nern (2013) in their research point out that studies on the effect of ZnO NPs concerning E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger indicate high antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Science and technology behind the process Carbone et al., (2016) highlight that metal ions have been discovered to be used as nanoparticles that are incorporated into diverse polymer systems in food packaging. Nano technology is depending on the incorporation of multiple organic as well as inorganic nanoparticles into polymer matrix so that improvement of material properties is achieved. The highly achieved antimicrobial activity of such ions when they are on nano dimension can be applied to a wide range of microorganisms. The mostly used nanoparticle is silver ions whose antimicrobial activity was been much appreciated. Other nanoparticles include Ag/Chitosan, SiO2, ZnO and nanoclay. Chitosan which is a form of polysaccharide has an antimicrobial agent against microorganisms including that are both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The researchers analysed the impact of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents along with that of chitosan in a composite structure with polylactic acid. The process involves surface modifica tion brought about in the polymer matrix for activation of antimicrobial components. The system forms a noteworthy example of synergetic approach where the idea is to achieve improvement in material properties through the influence of two materials and come up with packaging solutions. Silver nanoparticles when injected into Agar banana powder lead to important antimicrobial activity against microbes such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The other advantages are water barrier properties, augmented UV light absorption and enhanced antioxidant properties. Nanosized metal oxides have also been reported to act as antimicrobial agents when these are included in a polymer matrix (Radusin et al., 2016). Speaking precisely, ZnO is a good antimicrobial agent apart from improving the thermal property of polymers. Some of the microbes against which these are effective are Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocytogenes. Nanoclay, in modified forms, is a nanparticle bringing about improvement in properties of materials. They can be made to disperse in matrices of diverse properties owing to their high swelling and water absorption capacity. Nanoparticles of curcumin are also antimicrobial in property and aggregation can be avoided while using these when powder form is used. Such particles are water soluble though the antimicrobial property is more than that of powder. They also reduce gram-positive bacteria as compared to gram-negative bacteria. The particles used are commonly 10 to 20 nm in size. Though bigger particles are also used, the maximum size is 100 nm (Rosi et al., 2017). Current concern of the process The concerns related to the application of nanoparticles is also to be mentioned in this context. Ntim and Noonan (2017) point out that though silver nanoparticles decrease the presence of microbial agents, the mechanical properties might be decreased. In addition, the migration of the particles to the food has been time and again researched on. Other concerns include separation of the nanoparticles from materials used for packaging and impact of resuing of the materials on environment and humans. Alhendi and Choudhary (2013) in this regard that particles migrating into the food and consumed by humans can lead to health complications. Inhalation of the particles is also a concern since these are very small in size and penetration into the lungs and bloodstream is possible. Toxicity is also probable when the nanoparticles engage in a reaction with oxygen, leading to an increase in oxidative stress. It is expected that a backlash would come from the high scale use of nanoparticles in t he food industry. One eminent factor is that nanoparticles pose certain risks that are not posed by particles of bigger size. Fears are inevitable when such particles are used with a coating that is edible. Customers will be satisfied if the particles are found only in packaging and not in the food that might bring about changes in the body system. The emergence of nanotechnology has created new demands on the area of legislation. It is evident that there is a limitation in the extent of adoption of advanced nanotechnology among the food industry. The reasons for the same are limited acceptance from the consumers side and safety issues. There is a lack of published results on studies that highlight the accurate impact on the human body of nanoparticles (Pulizzi, 2016). Conclusion Coming to the end of this paper it is to be mentioned that particles, when used in diverse ways, have the potential to influence how food products are manufactured and processed at present. The antimicrobial systems have been found to be effective due to their high surface-to-volume ratio combined with the surface reactivity of antimicrobial agents. Microorganisms are inactivated in a more effective manner than the micro-scale features. Products can be exploited while formulating healthcare, personal and industrial applications. Functionalization and wide-scale implementation of the same needs rigorous analysis of the risks associated with these processes. References Alhendi, A., Choudhary, R. (2013). Current Practices in Bread Packaging and Possibility of Improving Bread Shelf-life by Nano-technology.INT J Food SCI Nutr,3, 55-60. Bumbudsanpharoke, N., Choi, J., Ko, S. (2015). Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology,15(9), 6357-6372. Carbone, M., Donia, D. T., Sabbatella, G., Antiochia, R. (2016). Silver nanoparticles in polymeric matrices for fresh food packaging.Journal of King Saud University-Science,28(4), 273-279. Echegoyen, Y., Nern, C. (2013). Nanoparticle release from nano-silver antimicrobial food containers.Food and Chemical Toxicology,62, 16-22. Kumar, L. Y. (2015). Role and adverse effects of nanomaterials in food technology.Journal of Toxicology and Health,2(1), 2. Ntim, S. A., Noonan, G. O. (2017). Nanotechnology in Food Packaging. InNanotechnologies in Food(pp. 118-142). Pulizzi, F. (2016). Nanotechnology and food: What people think.Nature Nanotechnology. Radusin, T. I., Risti?, I. S., Pili?, B. M., Novakovi?, A. R. (2016). Antimicrobial nanomaterials for food packaging applications.Food and Feed Research,43(2), 119-126. Rossi, M., Passeri, D., Sinibaldi, A., Angjellari, M., Tamburri, E., Sorbo, A., ... Dini, L. (2017). Chapter Five-Nanotechnology for Food Packaging and Food Quality Assessment.Advances in Food and Nutrition Research,82, 149-204.